It is a paradox that research on conflict processes and integrative processes in the international system has been slow in getting underway in that very same century which has made the great discovery that here is an international system. In the dawn of the year 1900 it looked as if a peaceful world community would come of itself. World War I made this prospect a little less self-evident, and in the thirties a number of social scientists began thinking about what contributions their disciplines might make to the problems of international order. Quincy Wright’s A Study of War (1942) embodied the pioneering interdisciplinary efforts for a new study of international relations made at the University of Chicago in that decade. Anthropologists struggled to conceptualize modem warfare more adequately and to relate the phenomenon of war to evolution.